Step-by-Step Guide to Calculating GSM in Fabric

Learning about GSM in fabric and what it means in the world of fabric and textile industry is a crucial factor for every person who is involved in the making of a fabric, be it designers or manufacturers. GSM stands for grams per square meter (GSM full form) and it represents the weight of a fabric.

GSM is also used to determine the flexibility, thickness and overall feel of the fabric. In this comprehensive guide we will explore the significance of calculating GSM and its importance in various industries. We will also discuss about some of the common and striking characteristics & essential data that we get by calculating the GSM of a fabric.

Let’s Explore the Significance of GSM in the World of Fabrics

GSM is the metric measurement of the weight of a fabric. It tells you, how much a square meter of a particular fabric weighs in grams precisely. The higher the GSM the denser and heavier a fabric will be, while a fabric with a lower GSM will be more delicate and lightweight. Therefore, by calculating the GSM we get valuable insights about a fabric’s properties and it’s widespread applications.

Calculating the GSM: Step-by-Step Process

1. Take a sample of the fabric of which you want to calculate the GSM of and cut out a square from it.
2. Take the weight of the sample using a digital scale to get precise measurement in grams.
3. Calculate the area of the fabric, for example if you cut out a 10x10 cm square then the area will simply be 10x10 = 100 square centimeters.

    4. Lastly, we will apply the GSM in fabric formula for calculating the GSM which is:
     GSM = Weight of Fabric / Area of Fabric

For bulk measurements you can also use automatic tools that are available online (GSM in fabric calculator), these tools streamline the process for you and provide precise results, and you simply have to input the dimensions and weight of your fabric.

Let’s Discuss About GSM with Respect to Cotton Fabric

As we know, fabrics that are made out of cotton are known for their comfort, feel and versatility therefore cotton is available in a wide range of GSM values, but what is GSM in cotton fabric For Example:

Lightweight cotton that is suitable for making summer clothing, shirts and undergarments is around 30-150 GSM.

Medium-Lightweight cotton which is suitable for making bedsheets, towels and everyday clothing is around 150-350 GSM.

Heavyweight cotton that is used for heavy-duty applications such as making canvas or even denim is usually more than 350 GSM.

The fabric which has a higher GSM will be more durable and less transparent as compared to the one with a lower GSM. Therefore, it influences the use, suitability and durability of a fabric.

The Importance of GSM in Different Industries

If we talk about the clothing or apparel industry, as we discussed GSM is used to determine the flexibility, look and feel of the fabric as lightweight fabrics are used for making summer clothing while the fabrics that are heavier are suitable for making winter clothing and apparels.

Now let’s discuss how GSM affects the material’s that are used for making home décor products like curtains, bed linens and towels. For example:
The higher the GSM of a bed sheet it will be more comfortable and durable or the higher the GSM of a towel it will be more absorbent.

For industry use textiles GSM is important for governing the durability and strength of protective clothing, filters and more.
GSM also affects the durability and quality of printed fabrics, we come to know that higher GSM fabrics provide a more stable surface for printing. Also, in packaging industry it is used to determine the durability and strength of woven and non-woven fabrics that are used for industrial packaging.

How Many GSM is Present in a Particular Fabric is Typically Called the GSM Range  

The range of fabric varies remarkably depending upon what the fabric is going to be used for and its type. Most commonly fabrics range from 30 GSM for delicate materials like cotton and silk to over 600 GSM for making heavy-duty fabrics for industrial purposes.

• Lightweight Fabrics: 30-150 GSM
• Medium-weight Fabrics: 150-350 GSM
• Heavyweight Fabrics: 350+ GSM

Factors that Influence the GSM of a Fabric 

1. As different fibers have different densities GSM is influenced by a fiber type.
2. A fabric’s weight is affected by the thickness of the yarn therefore yarn count is a crucial factor that affects the GSM.
3. The knit structure and the way a fabric is weaved also determines the GSM values, for example: Fabrics that are knitted tightly tend to have higher GSM values.

Choosing the right GSM for your intended use is something that you should consider so that the fabric provides you with the desired comfort, durability and flexibility.

FAQ’s

Why is GSM important?

GSM is crucial as it provides you with a standardized measurement of a fabric’s density and weight, which in turn helps you determine whether the fabric is suitable for the particular application that you intend to use it for.

How is GSM calculated?

Calculating the GSM of a material involves the following steps:

1. Take a sample of the fabric of which you want to calculate the GSM of and cut out a square from it.

2. Take the weight of the sample using a digital scale to get precise measurement in grams.

3. Calculate the area of the fabric, for example if you cut out a 10x10 cm square then the area will simply be 10x10 = 100 square centimeters.

4. Lastly, we will apply the formula for calculating the GSM which is:
 GSM = Weight of Fabric / Area of Fabric

Why is GSM important in textiles?

It helps the designers, manufacturers as well as consumers to select the right fabric for their purpose and tells us about the appearance, performance and its suitability for various applications.

Find the Best GSM Calculator at an Affordable Price! 

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Curious about GSM applications in different industries? Ask us now!